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Sains Malaysiana 52(10)(2023): 2955-2970
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5210-17
Effects of High-Energy Electron Beam Irradiation on the Structure,
Composition and Morphological Properties of Graphene Nanoplatelet Films
(Kesan Penyinaran Rasuk Elektron Bertenaga Tinggi pada Struktur, Komposisi dan Sifat Morfologi Filem Nanoplatelet Grafin)
NURUL HIDAYAH MOHAMAD NOR1,2,*, NUR
AFIRA ANUAR1, NOOR AZRINA TALIK1, WAN AHMAD TAJUDDIN WAN
ABDULLAH2, KRITSADA KITTIMANAPUN3, HIDEKI NAKAJIMA3,
NARONG CHANLEK3,
MOHD FAKHARUL ZAMAN RAJA YAHYA4 & BOON TONG GOH1
1Low Dimensional Material
Research Centre, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2National Centre for
Particle Physics, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
3Synchrotron Light
Research Institute, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
4Faculty of Applied
Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Received: 18 August 2023/Accepted: 21
September 2023
Abstract
This work demonstrated the effects
of 1.2 GeV high-energy electron beam irradiation on a few-layers of graphene
(FLG) and multi-layer graphene (MLG) films grown via an in-house hot wire
chemical vapour deposition (HWCVD) system. The FLG and MLG films were grown on
highly doped n-type c-Si (100) substrates which were pre-treated using argon
plasma (50 W) for 1 min and 10 min, respectively. The as-prepared samples were
then irradiated using a 1.2 GeV high-energy electron beam with a dosage of 1.2
× 109 e-/cm2 at atmospheric and room
temperature ambient conditions. The effects of the
irradiation-mediated defects on the carbon lattice structure of both graphene
samples were validated from the decreased sp2 C=C carbon content,
and the increase in the adventitious carbon contamination C-O-C content.
Raman results showed an elevation of the ID/IG ratio and
blue-shift of the 2D and G band peaks for both the irradiated samples, which
validated the mediated defects due to the dislocation of carbon atoms in the
graphene sheets. The blue-shifted of 2D and G peaks were
much more significant in the MLG than FLG which may indicate a better
self-reconstructing property for the MLG atomic network, compared to the FLG.
The stability of the films against high-energy electron beam irradiation was
validated by their conductivity and surface topography. In conclusion, HWCVD
grown graphene nanoplatelet films have high potential
for graphene-based high-energy charged particle detectors.
Keywords: Graphene;
high-energy electron beam; HWCVD; nanoplatelets;
radiation tolerance
Abstrak
Kajian ini
menunjukkan kesan penyinaran radiasi elektron bertenaga tinggi 1.2 GeV pada
beberapa lapisan grafin (FLG) dan berbilang lapisan grafin (MLG) yang
dihasilkan melalui kaedah wayar panas pemendapan wap kimia (HWCVD). Filem FLG
dan MLG dihasilkan pada permukaan substrat c-Si (100) jenis-n berdop tinggi
yang telah dirawat terlebih dahulu menggunakan plasma argon (50 W) selama 1
minit dan 10 minit. Sampel yang telah disediakan kemudiannya disinari menggunakan
radiasi elektron bertenaga tinggi 1.2 GeV dengan dos 1.2 × 109 e-/cm2 pada keadaan atmosfera dan suhu bilik. Kesan radiasi dalam menghasilkan
kecacatan pada struktur kekisi karbon kedua-dua sampel grafin telah disahkan
daripada pengurangan kandungan karbon sp2 C=C serta peningkatan
kandungan kontaminasi karbon adventif C-O-C. Analisis Raman menunjukkan
peningkatan nisbah ID/IG dan anjakan-biru bagi puncak
jalur 2D dan G untuk kedua-dua sampel yang disinari, yang mengesahkan kecacatan
pengantara disebabkan oleh kehelan atom karbon dalam helaian grafin.
Anjakan-biru puncak 2D dan G adalah lebih ketara dalam MLG berbanding FLG yang
mungkin menunjukkan sifat membina semula diri yang lebih baik untuk rangkaian
atom MLG, berbanding FLG. Kestabilan filem terhadap penyinaran radiasi elektron
bertenaga tinggi telah disahkan oleh kekonduksian dan topografi permukaannya.
Kesimpulannya, filem nanoplatelet grafin yang dihasilkan menggunakan kaedah
HWCVD ini mempunyai potensi tinggi untuk menghasilkan pengesan zarah bercas
tenaga tinggi berasaskan grafin.
Kata kunci: Grafin; HWCVD; nanoplatelet; sinaran elektron bertenaga tinggi; toleransi radiasi
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*Corresponding author; email: nurulhidayah@um.edu.my
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